The Importer Security Filing (ISF), also known as the "10+2" rule, is a US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) requirement for ocean imports. Filing late or incorrectly can result in penalties of up to $5,000 per violation. This guide explains everything importers need to know.
What is ISF (Importer Security Filing)?
ISF is a CBP regulation requiring importers to submit advance cargo information before goods are loaded onto an ocean vessel at a foreign port. The goal is to give CBP enough time to assess security risks before cargo arrives in the US.
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Also known as | 10+2 Rule |
| Required for | All ocean imports to the USA |
| Filing deadline | At least 24 hours before vessel loading at origin |
| Filing method | Electronic (ABI/ACE portal or via customs broker) |
| Penalty | Up to $5,000 per late/inaccurate filing |
The 10+2 Data Elements
The "10+2" refers to 10 data elements from the importer and 2 from the carrier:
Importer's 10 Elements
| # | Element | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Seller | Name/address of the supplier | Shenzhen Electronics Co., Ltd. |
| 2 | Buyer | Name/address of the purchaser | ABC Trading Inc., Los Angeles |
| 3 | Importer of Record | FTIN (IRS/EIN) or customs bond number | EIN: 12-3456789 |
| 4 | Ship to Party | Name/address of delivery location | Amazon ONT8, Ontario, CA |
| 5 | Manufacturer | Name/address of the actual manufacturer | Dongguan Factory, Guangdong |
| 6 | Country of Origin | ISO country code | CN (China) |
| 7 | HTSUS Number | 6-digit HS code minimum | 8543.70 |
| 8 | Container Stuffing Location | Where the container was packed | Yantian, Shenzhen |
| 9 | Consolidator | Name/address of the stuffer/loader | Skyler Logistics, Shenzhen |
| 10 | Description | Precise description of goods | "Bluetooth speakers, model BS-100" |
Carrier's 2 Elements
| # | Element | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 11 | Vessel Stow Plan | Container location on the vessel |
| 12 | Container Status Messages | Loading/unloading events |
The carrier files elements 11-12. The importer (or their broker) files elements 1-10.
ISF Filing Timeline
| Event | Deadline | Action |
|---|---|---|
| ISF filing | ≥24 hours before vessel loading | Submit 10 data elements to CBP |
| Vessel loading | At origin port | Cargo loaded onto vessel |
| Vessel sailing | Departs origin | Transit begins |
| US arrival | 13-35 days later (depending on route) | Customs review |
| Customs clearance | Upon arrival | Pay duties, release cargo |
Common ISF Mistakes
- Filing too late: The 24-hour rule is strict. If the vessel departs before ISF is filed, CBP may issue a penalty.
- Incorrect HTSUS number: Using the wrong HS code can lead to duty errors and penalties.
- Vague cargo description: "Electronics" is too vague. Use "Bluetooth speakers, model BS-100."
- Wrong importer of record: Must be the entity with the customs bond, not necessarily the buyer.
- Not updating changes: If the supplier or manufacturer changes after filing, you must update the ISF.
How to File ISF
Option 1: Through a Customs Broker (Recommended)
Your freight forwarder or customs broker files ISF on your behalf. Cost: $50-100 per filing. This is the easiest and most reliable method.
Option 2: Self-Filing via ACE
You can file directly through the CBP's ACE (Automated Commercial Environment) portal. Requires an ACE account and knowledge of the filing process. No filing fee, but requires expertise.
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Request a QuoteFAQ
What happens if I don't file ISF? CBP may issue a penalty of up to $5,000 per violation. Additionally, your cargo may be held at the port (incurring storage fees) or denied entry. Repeated violations can lead to increased scrutiny on future shipments.
Do I need ISF for LCL shipments? Yes. ISF is required for all ocean imports, whether FCL or LCL. The filing deadline is the same: 24 hours before vessel loading.
Does ISF apply to air freight? No. ISF is only for ocean freight. Air freight has a separate advance filing requirement called the Air Cargo Advance Screening (ACAS) program, which is filed by the airline.
Can my freight forwarder file ISF for me? Yes. Most freight forwarders offer ISF filing as part of their service. They need your commercial invoice, packing list, and supplier information to file accurately.
